Drawing on notions of human and livelihood security, critical peace studies, and development, this book seeks to theorize the long-term challenges of building peace in El Salvador from the perspective of grass-roots and community-level actors. The book analyzes how peace transitions and development processes in post-conflict El Salvador have re-allocated power to new configurations of social, political, and economic actors, supported through diverse linkages to global institutions and structures of capital. Concurrently, new community networks and civil societies have emerged to challenge dominant, and it is argued hegemonic, processes of post-war development. Applying a Gramscian analytics of hegemony to explore long-term questions of sustainable peace-building, this book seeks to uncover and understand the multi-dimensional challenges that civil societies and community-level actors face when confronting and contesting dominant state- and market-led approaches to development after civil war.