Table Of ContentIntroduction Select Chronology Heavy Armoured Cavalry in the Eastern Roman Army Organization & Units Formation & Tactics Weapons & Armour Horses Bibliography Index
SynopsisFollowing Roman Heavy Cavalry (1) on the earlier centuries, this book explains and illustrates the armor, weapons, organization, and deployment of elite heavy armored cavalry units during their long history in the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. In the twilight of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th-6th centuries, the elite of the field armies was the heavy armored cavalry-the cataphracts, clad in lamellar, scale, mail, and padded fabric armor. After the fall of the West, the Greek-speaking Eastern or Byzantine Empire survived for nearly a thousand years, and cavalry remained predominant in its armies, with the heaviest armored regiments continuing to provide the ultimate shock-force in battle. Accounts from Muslim chroniclers show that the ironclad cataphract on his armored horse was an awe-inspiring enemy: "...they advanced against you, iron-covered-one would have said that they advanced on horses which seemed to have no legs." The heavy units included the regiments of the Tagmata (the central imperial force based around Constantinople)-the Scholai, Eskoubitoi, Athanatoi (or Vighla) and Ikanatoi-and also provincial units raised from the populations of the Themata or army corps districts throughout the Empire. By the 11th century the latter were increasingly being replaced with mercenaries, as provincial governors became semi-independent and often rebellious warlords. This disunity contributed to the Empire's disastrous defeat by the Turks at Manzikert in 1071; thereafter the shrunken Empire relied even more heavily on cavalry, since its field armies had to be mobile to meet the many threats to the frontiers. This new study, replete with stunning full-color illustrations of the various units, offers an engaging insight into the fearsome heavy cavalry units that battled against the enemies of Rome's Eastern Empire., Before the twilight of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, units of heavily armoured cavalry already formed the elite of Roman field armies. The long survival of the Eastern Empire based in Byzantium (Constantinople) saw several periods of vigorous re-conquest, such as the wars of Justinian the Great in the 6th century and those of the emperors of the Macedonian Dynasty in the 9th to 11th centuries. In these campaigns, the katáphraktoi - armoured from head to foot, and sometimes riding armoured horses - proved decisive on many battlefields, fighting against enemies as varied as the Vandals, Goths, Bulgarians, Arabs, the Turkic peoples from the steppes of Eurasia and other Byzantine East Roman armies in ruinous civil wars. Drawing upon a range of written sources - detailed military manuals, histories and poetry - as well as iconography and recorded archaeological finds, the co-authors and illustrator of this book reconstruct the appearance of these warriors over a period of nearly a thousand years, and analyse what these sources tell us about the organization of their units and their battlefield tactics. The text is illustrated with photos, carvings, murals, and miniatures from literary sources, and is accompanied by eight plates of meticulous reconstructions of the costumes, armour and equipment of these dazzling warriors. Book jacket., Following Roman Heavy Cavalry (1) on the earlier centuries, this book explains and illustrates the armour, weapons, organization and deployment of elite armoured heavy cavalry units in the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.