Table Of ContentPart One: INTRODUCTION TO BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES.Experiment 1: Introduction to Microscale Laboratory.Experiment 2: Solubility.Experiment 3: Crystallization.Experiment 4: Extraction.Experiment 5: Chromatography.Experiment 6: Simple and Fractional Distillation.Experiment 6A: Simple and Fractional Distillation (Semi-Microscale Procedure).Experiment 6B: Simple and Fractional Distillation (Microscale Procedure).Experiment 7: Infrared Spectroscopy and Boiling-Point Elevation.Essay Aspirin.Experiment 8: Acetylsalicylic Acid.Essay Analgesics.Experiment 9: Isolation of the Active Ingredient in an Analgesic Drug.Experiment 10: Acetaminophen.Experiment 10A: Acetaminophen (Microscale Procedure).Experiment 10B: Acetaminophen (Semi-Microscale Procedure).Essay Identification of Drugs.Experiment 11: TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs.Essay Caffeine.Experiment 12: Isolation of Caffeine from Tea or Coffee.Experiment 12A: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea with Methylene Chloride.Experiment 12B: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea or Coffee Using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE).Essay Esters¡XFlavors and Fragrances.Experiment 13: Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil).Experiment 13A: Isopentyl Acetate (Microscale Procedure).Experiment 12B: Isopentyl Acetate (Semi-Microscale Procedure).Essay Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids.Experiment 14: Essential Oils: Extractions of Oil from Cloves by Steam Distillation and Liquid Carbon Dioxide.Experiment 14A: Oil of Cloves (Microscale Procedure).Experiment 14B: Oil of Cloves (Semi-Microscale Procedure).Experiment 14C: Extraction of Oil of Cloves with Liquid Carbon Dioxide.Essay Stereochemical Theory of Odor.Experiment 15: Spearmint and Caraway Oil: ()- and ()-Carvones.Essay The Chemistry of Vision.Experiment 16: Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach.Essay Ethanol and Fermentation Chemistry.Experiment 17: Ethanol from Sucrose.Part Two: INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR MODELING.Essay Molecular Modeling and Molecular Mechanics.Experiment 18: An Introduction to Molecular Modeling.Experiment 18A: The Conformations of n-Butane: Local Minima.Experiment 18B: Cyclohexane Chair and Boat Conformations.Experiment 18C: Substituted Cyclohexane Rings.Experiment 18D: cis- and trans-2-Butene.Essay Computational Chemistry¡Vab Initio and Semiempirical Methods.Experiment 19: Computational Chemistry.Experiment 19A: Heats of Formation: Isomerism, Tautomerism, and Regioselectivity.Experiment 19B: Heats of Reaction: SN1 Reaction Rates.Experiment 19C: Density¡VElectrostatic Potential Maps¡XAcidities of Carboxylic Acids.Experiment 19D: Density¡VElectrostatic Potential Maps: Carbocations.Experiment 19E: Density¡VLUMO Maps: Reactivities of Carbonyl Groups.Part Three: PREPARATIONS AND REACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.Experiment 20: Reactivities of Some Alkyl Halides.Experiment 21: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Competing Nucleophiles.Experiment 21A: Competitive Nucleophiles with 1-Butanol or 2-Butanol.Experiment 21B: Competitive Nucleophiles with 2-Methyl-2-propanol.Experiment 21C: Analysis.Experiment 22: Hydrolysis of Some Alkyl Chlorides.Experiment 23: Synthesis of n-Butyl Bromide and t-Pentyl Chloride.Experiment 23A: n-Butyl Bromide.Experiment 23B: n-Butyl Bromide (Semi-Microscale Procedure).Experiment 23C: t-Pentyl Chloride (Microscale Procedure).Experiment 23D: t-Pentyl Chloride (Semi-Microscale Procedure).Experiment 23E: t-Pentyl Chloride (Macroscale Procedure).Experiment 24: Elimination Reactions: Dehydration and Dehydrohalogenation.Experiment 24A: Dehydration of 1-Butanol and 2-Butanol.Experiment 24B: Dehydrobromination of 1-Bromobutane and 2-Bromobutane.Experiment 25: 4-Methylcyclohexene.Experiment 25A: 4-Methylcyclohexene (Microscale Procedure).Experiment 25B: 4-Methylcyclohexene (Semi-Microscale Procedure).Experiment 26: Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Addition of Dichlorocarbene to Cyclohexene.Experiment 27: Relative Reactivities of Several Aromatic Compounds
SynopsisIn this laboratory textbook for students of organic chemistry, experiments are designed to utilize microscale glassware and equipment. The textbook features a large number of traditional organic reactions and syntheses, as well as the isolation of natural products and experiments with a biological or health sciences focus. The organization of the text is based on essays and topics of current interest. The lab manual contains a comprehensive treatment of laboratory techniques.